Stringent test of QED with hydrogen-like tin.

Inner-shell electrons naturally sense the electric field close to the nucleus, which can reach extreme values beyond 1015 V cm-1 for the innermost electrons1. Especially in few-electron, highly charged ions, the interaction with the electromagnetic fields can be accurately calculated within quantum electrodynamics (QED), rendering these ions good candidates to test the validity of QED in strong fields. Consequently, their Lamb shifts were intensively studied in the past several decades2,3. Another approach is the measurement of gyromagnetic factors (g factors) in highly charged ions4-7. However, so far, either experimental accuracy or small field strength in low-Z ions5,6 limited the stringency of these QED tests. Here we report on our high-precision, high-field test of QED in hydrogen-like 118Sn49+. The highly charged ions were produced with the Heidelberg electron beam ion trap (EBIT)8 and injected into the ALPHATRAP Penning-trap setup9, in which the bound-electron g factor was measured with a precision of 0.5 parts per billion (ppb). For comparison, we present state-of-the-art theory calculations, which together test the underlying QED to about 0.012%, yielding a stringent test in the strong-field regime. With this measurement, we challenge the best tests by means of the Lamb shift and, with anticipated advances in the g-factor theory, surpass them by more than an order of magnitude.

High-Precision Determination of g Factors and Masses of

We present the measurements of individual bound electron g factors of ^{20}Ne^{9+} and ^{22}Ne^{9+} on the relative level of 0.1 parts per billion. The comparison with theory represents the most stringent test of bound-state QED in strong electric fields. A dedicated mass measurement results in m(^{20}Ne)=19.992 440 168 77(9) u, which improves the current literature value by a factor of 18, disagrees by 4 standard deviations, and represents the most precisely measured mass value in atomic mass units. Together, these measurements yield an electron mass on the relative level of 0.1 ppb with m_{e}=5.485 799 090 99(59)×10^{-4} u as well as a factor of seven improved m(^{22}Ne)=21.991 385 098 2(26) u.

Measurement of Ultralow Heating Rates of a Single Antiproton in a Cryogenic Penning Trap.

We report on the first detailed study of motional heating in a cryogenic Penning trap using a single antiproton. Employing the continuous Stern-Gerlach effect we observe cyclotron quantum transition rates of 6(1) quanta/h and an electric-field noise spectral density below 7.5(3.4)×10^{-20} V^{2} m^{-2} Hz^{-1}, which corresponds to a scaled noise spectral density below 8.8(4.0)×10^{-12} V^{2} m^{-2}, results which are more than 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those reported by other ion-trap experiments.

Robust and Resource-Efficient Microwave Near-Field Entangling

Microwave trapped-ion quantum logic gates avoid spontaneous emission as a fundamental source of decoherence. However, microwave two-qubit gates are still slower than laser-induced gates and hence more sensitive to fluctuations and noise of the motional mode frequency. We propose and implement amplitude-shaped gate drives to obtain resilience to such frequency changes without increasing the pulse energy per gate operation. We demonstrate the resilience by noise injection during a two-qubit entangling gate with ^{9}Be^{+} ion qubits. In the absence of injected noise, amplitude modulation gives an operation infidelity in the 10^{-3} range.

Detection of blood and DNA traces after thermal exposure.

The analysis of blood traces is often of significant reconstructive and evidence-gathering importance. Perpetrators deliberately set fires to destroy evidence. There is little literature regarding the effect of fire and extreme heat on blood and the detection of blood. Blood and DNA are believed to be no longer traceable after exposure to a temperature of 1000 °C. This study exposed different objects of a standardized procedure to temperatures of 300, 700, and 1000 °C. It documented the influence of heat on blood traces through the use of luminol. DNA analysis confirmed that fewer DNA profiles can be created with increasing temperature. However, even after exposure up to a max. of 1000 °C, it was still possible to produce a complete DNA pattern from approx. 60% of the samples. Consequently, crime scenes that have been destroyed by fire should be evaluated with the same attention to detail as the unburned areas.

[Disturbed color vision in endogenous psychoses]. / Farbensehstörungen bei endogenen Psychosen.

We examined 50 patients with endogenous depressions and 50 patients with schizophrenic psychosis. We found disturbed colour vision in 54 % of the endogenous depressions and in 72 % of the schizophrenic psychosis. We discuss the aetiopathogenic from disturbed colour vision in the endogenous psychosis.

[Phototherapy and lithium prophylaxis]. / Lichttherapie und Lithiumprophylaxe.

A random sample of patients (n = 43) had been investigated to detect any difference in response of bright light therapy in lithium-treated inpatients (n = 18) suffering from depression. Only 27% of the lithium-based inpatients respond to bright light therapy, but 73% of patients respond who were not treated with lithium. We conclude that lithium therapy reduces the chance of achieving t remission of depression by bright light therapy.

[Color vision defects in endogenous depression]. / Farbensinnstörungen bei endogenen Depressionen.

8% of the men and approximately 0.5% of the women in a normal population suffer from congenital colour anomaly. We examined 75 women suffering from endogenous depressions. We found disturbed colour vision in 63% of them. We discuss the aetiopathogenic relationship between endogenous depression and disturbed colour vision.

[Determination of lithium in serum and saliva of patients with manic-depressive disorder]. / Bestimmung von Lithium im Serum und Speichel manisch-depressiv erkrankter Patienten.

The slight therapeutic breadth involved means that manic depressive lithium prophylaxis may call for life-long routine management. The lithium/serum-level checks required hitherto are here compared with a non-invasive method, that of determining the lithium level from a mixture of the patient's saliva, a method involving no danger that will eventually assume considerable importance.

The model of unitary psychosis as a basis for understanding affective processes in psychoses.

Nosological questions in psychiatry imply core questions of understanding and interpretation in the field of mental illness. The model of unitary psychosis in contrast to the hypothesis of nosological entities has been discussed in controversial terms for a long time. This history of psychiatry in review of a hundred years' development of psychopathology, neurobiological sources and psychosociological conditions points out the multiplicity of adaptive processes in a multifactorial-multiconditional way. Nosological entities such as formulated by Leonhard would have a promising interpretation in the framework of a unitary approach in the philosophy by Rennert and the analysis of various psychodynamic axes.

[Neuroleptic modification of basic schizophrenic disorders]. / Zur neuroleptischen Beeinflussung schizophrener Basisstörungen.

After a short review of the German literature dealing with basal schizophrenic disturbances, the authors present the results of their own studies involving 135 schizophrenics. A large inventory of statistical methods is used to present the findings gained during differential neuroleptic therapy by means of the Frankfurt complaints questionnaire and the structured psychopathic assessment system (SPES-A). The studies indicate that basal schizophrenic disturbances are accessible to (differential) neuroleptic influence.

[Schizophrenically disordered time perception and its modification by neuroleptics]. / Das schizophren gestörte Zeiterleben und seine Beeinflussung durch Neuroleptika.

The authors deal with the question as to whether the target symptom "disturbed time perception" is to be considered a basic schizophrenic symptom and whether therapeutical (neuroleptic) control possibilities exist. 135 schizophreniacs have given statistical evidence (intensity quotient, Wilcoxon comparison, Hotelling-Pabst test, exact probability test according to Fisher/Yates) that the disturbed time perception of schizophreniacs is accessible by a differentiated neuroleptic therapy but is not a basic schizophrenic disturbance.

[The pedophilic criminal]. / Der pädophile Straftäter.

After a review of the literature dealing with pedophilia, the results of an analysis of 100 forensic psychiatric reports dealing with pedophile criminals are described. They show that, except for a few homosexual pedophiles, pedophilia is a pseudoperversion originating from different developmental conditions and, in individual cases, verifiable personality traits. The authors discuss problems involved in the forensic-psychiatric assessment of these delinquents. Attention is drawn to the necessity of purposeful, coordinated further education in this respect to enable the existing considerable discrepancies between forensic-psychiatric evaluation of these and other sexual deviants to be overcome.

[Value of small cystic supratentorial PEG changes]. / Zur Wertigkeit kleinzystischer supratentorieller PEG-Veränderungen.

Small solitary or multiple cystic lesions were found in the hemispheres of 3.6% of all patients suffering from cerebrovascular disorders, seizures, system degeneration or skull or brain injuries who were examined by PEG. Such lesions were especially frequent in patients in their forties to sixties. The absence of corresponding changes in the results of electroencephalographic, scintillation scanning and angiographic examination makes PEG an indispensable tool for prognosis in such cases.

[Cryptococcosis of the CNS]. / Cryptococcose des ZNS.

The findings and opinions which are of greater importance for clinical practice with respect to the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnostics and therapy of cryptococcosis of the central nervous system are discussed with special consideration of the cerebrospinal fluid findings and in evaluation of two cases treated by the authors. Crytococcosis of the CNS produces no clinical pictures that are only typical of it. Favourable curing changes, however, only exist if a specific therapy is initiated systematically and at an early time, for which the application of a combination of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosin is considered as the therapy of first choice today. Hints are given that should make an inclusion of cryptococcosis in the differential-diagnostic consideration possible.

[Cerebrospinal fluid proteins and epilepsy]. / Liquorproteine und Epilepsie.

The authors examined 54 epileptic patients with a view to prove the presence of an immunological cerebrospinal fluid syndrome. The result showed that a significant immunoglobulin depression could not be proved by means of a cerebrospinal fluid test.